{"id":366,"date":"2023-04-26T06:30:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-26T10:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bsu.edu\/teaching-innovation\/?p=366"},"modified":"2023-04-25T08:46:10","modified_gmt":"2023-04-25T12:46:10","slug":"what-role-should-smartphones-play-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bsu.edu\/teaching-innovation\/2023\/04\/26\/what-role-should-smartphones-play-education\/","title":{"rendered":"What Role Should Smartphones Play in Education?\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"snippet\">Examine data from students about smartphone usage and consider how this affects the place of smartphones inside and outside the physical classroom space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a previous post, I advocated for <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bsu.edu\/teaching-innovation\/2022\/10\/03\/toward-mobile-first-teaching-practices\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">taking a \u201cmobile-first\u201d approach to course design<\/a>, offering 10 teaching practices that benefit students accessing your course from mobile devices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this post, I want to take a step back and ask a broader question about mobile devices in teaching and learning: <strong>What role should smartphones play in our courses?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s break this question down into two parts: Outside the Classroom and Inside the Classroom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What role should smartphones play outside the physical classroom space?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I\u2019ll start here, because evidence is clear that students are using mobile devices to access course content. Educause has been conducting student surveys about mobile devices in learning for more than a decade, and <a href=\"https:\/\/er.educause.edu\/articles\/2023\/1\/the-evolving-landscape-of-students-mobile-learning-practices-in-higher-education\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">their recent findings are stark<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>91% of students say that they regularly access the Canvas mobile app, and 81% use their smartphone at least once a week for learning activities. The #1 reason students cite for using mobile devices is to make it \u201ceasier to access coursework\u201d (77%).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In other words, students will be using the mobile version of your course site \u2013 to access homework, find readings, check their schedule, take quizzes, and more. This is why I encourage all faculty to think about the mobile design of their courses, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bsu.edu\/teaching-innovation\/2022\/10\/03\/toward-mobile-first-teaching-practices\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">considering the teaching practices I outlined in that article about mobile-first course design<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s important to recognize, though, that students generally use mobile devices as secondary screens when completing coursework. This can range from checking assignment requirements to searching for term definitions to verifying a due date. As the authors of the Educause report say, \u201cstudents are content with small tasks via mobile rather than large ones.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ease of access being the #1 reason for using mobile devices for learning also points to a key consideration: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bsu.edu\/teaching-innovation\/2023\/04\/12\/helping-students-fit-education-into-their-lives-part-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How can you help students fit their education into their lives?<\/a> Smartphones can help students learn in situations where they can\u2019t sit down at a desk and open a laptop. Whether it\u2019s offering audio recordings of readings or splitting essay questions into a separate quiz, reflect on how you can enable students who are \u201con the go\u201d to complete coursework directly on their phone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"sfsi_subscribe_Popinner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<form method=\"post\" onsubmit=\"return sfsi_processfurther(this);\" target=\"popupwindow\" action=\"https:\/\/api.follow.it\/subscription-form\/cTJLaWprRTQ2YzhFYTFzR0dkUFBIY2hObFlFMUw2bjVTa0pUUy9QNDdNYkdVcGlBdHZYcGhNWE13MVY0bGtlSWEyaEpjZmJvRkU5N2pnbFFkQzlFaVlwRzJDZVUxa3lYemdBOWlHMkMyN2txV0E3OWdmamlzck41a1B3M0c1dWF8QUZWc0g1alNsSzVIMXpBU092WUk0YXdocXljN29WRWFZZDZ4RFcwcUgxVT0=\/8\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>Get new posts by email<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sfsi_subscription_form_field\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"action\" value=\"followPub\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"email\" name=\"email\" value=\"\" placeholder=\"Enter your email to subscribe\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sfsi_subscription_form_field\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"submit\" name=\"subscribe\" value=\"Subscribe\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What role should smartphones play inside the physical classroom space?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This is where things get a lot more complicated. Most research into smartphone use in classrooms focuses on test scores. Unsurprisingly, most research has found off-task use of cellphones to result in worse recall and test performance. For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03634523.2013.767917\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kuznekoff &amp; Titsworth (2013)<\/a> found that students who did not use their phone \u201cwrote down 62% more information in their notes, took more detailed notes, were able to recall more detailed information from the lecture, and scored a full letter grade and a half higher on a multiple choice test than\u201d students who did.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, test scores are not the only metric of learning, and few studies have investigated the effects of cellphones in class beyond test scores. Studies in on-task use of cellphones are similarly sparse.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s important, then, to consider not just if you should use smartphones in the classroom but how you use smartphones in the classroom.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I have long been against cellphone bans in the classroom on several grounds, especially concerns for equity of access (low-income students may only have cellphones for learning devices) and my stance that teaching should not be about policing. However, I fully understand why roughly half of the faculty Educause surveyed had instituted a cellphone ban.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What\u2019s striking to me, though, is how students feel about mobile devices in the classroom. When asked if they wanted instructors to \u201cask students to use mobile apps or devices in coursework,\u201d only 36% of students said yes (down from 42% in 2018). 34% of students said no, while 31% said not sure. Students are generally ambivalent about using mobile devices more in the classroom.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The authors of the Educause report speculate that the drop in \u201cyes\u201d answers could be due to burnout: \u201cthey don&#8217;t want another screen to work on.\u201d They also speculate the proliferation of mobile apps during the remote learning of the pandemic may have caused students to struggle with some advanced features and essentially sour on mobile learning.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whatever the reason for student ambivalence, it\u2019s clear that mobile devices aren\u2019t an unambiguous good when used inside the classroom setting. Whether you prohibit mobile devices, ban them, or adopt a laissez-faire attitude, I recommend doing so with intention and purpose so that students know why they are being asked to engage (or not engage) with their cellphones.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What does all this mean for me?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>My goal with this post was not to give you clear-cut answers about mobile devices in the classroom. In fact, it\u2019s quite possible I\u2019ve only muddied the waters for you.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What I do hope is clear, though, is that efforts to make course sites (especially Canvas) more mobile-friendly are incredibly impactful and important. Students will use their phones to access your Canvas site, and it\u2019s worth your time to consider how that use interacts with the design of your course.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you\u2019re looking for a primer on mobile design of course sites, I highly recommend checking out the previous article, <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bsu.edu\/teaching-innovation\/2022\/10\/03\/toward-mobile-first-teaching-practices\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cToward Mobile-First Teaching Practices.\u201d<\/a> It can get you started with some practical tips to make your course site easy to access on a smartphone.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>How do you use mobile devices in your courses? We\u2019d love to hear from you in the comments.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"sfsi_widget sfsi_shortcode_container\"><div class=\"norm_row sfsi_wDiv \"  style=\"width:225px;text-align:left;\"><div style='width:40px; height:40px;margin-left:5px;margin-bottom:5px; ' class='sfsi_wicons shuffeldiv ' ><div class='inerCnt'><a class=' sficn' data-effect='' target='_blank'  href='https:\/\/api.follow.it\/widgets\/icon\/cTJLaWprRTQ2YzhFYTFzR0dkUFBIY2hObFlFMUw2bjVTa0pUUy9QNDdNYkdVcGlBdHZYcGhNWE13MVY0bGtlSWEyaEpjZmJvRkU5N2pnbFFkQzlFaVlwRzJDZVUxa3lYemdBOWlHMkMyN2txV0E3OWdmamlzck41a1B3M0c1dWF8QUZWc0g1alNsSzVIMXpBU092WUk0YXdocXljN29WRWFZZDZ4RFcwcUgxVT0=\/OA==\/' id='sfsiid_email_icon' style='width:40px;height:40px;opacity:1;'  ><img data-pin-nopin='true' alt='' title='' src='https:\/\/blogs.bsu.edu\/teaching-innovation\/wp-content\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/icons_theme\/default\/default_email.png' width='40' height='40' style='' class='sfcm sfsi_wicon ' data-effect=''   \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div style='width:40px; 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height:40px;margin-left:5px;margin-bottom:5px; ' class='sfsi_wicons shuffeldiv ' ><div class='inerCnt'><a class=' sficn' data-effect='' target='_blank'  href='' id='sfsiid_twitter_icon' style='width:40px;height:40px;opacity:1;'  ><img data-pin-nopin='true' alt='Twitter' title='Twitter' src='https:\/\/blogs.bsu.edu\/teaching-innovation\/wp-content\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/icons_theme\/default\/default_twitter.png' width='40' height='40' style='' class='sfcm sfsi_wicon ' data-effect=''   \/><\/a><div class=\"sfsi_tool_tip_2 twt_tool_bdr sfsiTlleft\" style=\"opacity:0;z-index:-1;\" id=\"sfsiid_twitter\"><span class=\"bot_arow bot_twt_arow\"><\/span><div class=\"sfsi_inside\"><div  class='icon2'><div class='sf_twiter' style='display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;'>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a target='_blank' href='https:\/\/x.com\/intent\/post?text=Check+out+the+Teaching+Innovation+Blog+at+Ball+State%3A+bsu.edu%2Fvanityurl+https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.bsu.edu%2Fteaching-innovation%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F366' style='display:inline-block' >\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-pin-nopin= true class='sfsi_wicon' src='https:\/\/blogs.bsu.edu\/teaching-innovation\/wp-content\/plugins\/ultimate-social-media-icons\/images\/share_icons\/Twitter_Tweet\/en_US_Tweet.svg' alt='Post on X' title='Post on X' >\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div ><div id=\"sfsi_holder\" class=\"sfsi_holders\" style=\"position: relative; float: left;width:100%;z-index:-1;\"><\/div ><script>window.addEventListener(\"sfsi_functions_loaded\", function()\n\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\tif (typeof sfsi_widget_set == \"function\") {\n\t\t\t\t\tsfsi_widget_set();\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}); <\/script><div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 style=\"clear: both\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"reference\">Chen, Baiyun, Aimee Denoyelles, Tim Brown, and Ryan Seilhamer. \u201cThe Evolving Landscape of Students\u2019 Mobile Learning Practices in Higher Education.\u201d EDUCAUSE Review, January 25, 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/er.educause.edu\/articles\/2023\/1\/the-evolving-landscape-of-students-mobile-learning-practices-in-higher-education\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/er.educause.edu\/articles\/2023\/1\/the-evolving-landscape-of-students-mobile-learning-practices-in-higher-education<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"reference\">Kuznekoff, Jeffrey H., and Scott Titsworth. \u201cThe Impact of Mobile Phone Usage on Student Learning.\u201d <em>Communication Education<\/em> <em>62<\/em>, no. 3 (2013): 233-252. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03634523.2013.767917\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03634523.2013.767917<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Examine data from students about smartphone usage and consider how this affects the place of smartphones inside and outside the physical classroom space. In a previous post, I advocated for taking a \u201cmobile-first\u201d approach to course design, offering 10 teaching practices that benefit students accessing your course from mobile devices. In this post, I want [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":328,"featured_media":368,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,9,18,8,34],"tags":[3,10,32,35,12],"ppma_author":[51],"class_list":["post-366","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-canvas","category-instructional-technology","category-online-teaching","category-pedagogy-and-andragogy","category-reflective-practice","tag-canvas","tag-learner-experience","tag-mobile-devices","tag-reflection","tag-teaching-how-to"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Role Should Smartphones Play in Education?\u00a0 - The Teaching Innovation Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Examine data from students about smartphone usage and consider how this affects the place of smartphones inside and outside the physical classroom space.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bsu.edu\/teaching-innovation\/2023\/04\/26\/what-role-should-smartphones-play-education\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What Role Should Smartphones Play in Education?\u00a0 - 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