{"id":1689,"date":"2018-11-27T14:05:04","date_gmt":"2018-11-27T19:05:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bsuenglish.com\/dlr\/?p=1689"},"modified":"2018-11-27T14:05:04","modified_gmt":"2018-11-27T19:05:04","slug":"mononoke-japanese-horror-and-the-mindscape-of-dystopianism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bsu.edu\/dlr\/2018\/11\/27\/mononoke-japanese-horror-and-the-mindscape-of-dystopianism\/","title":{"rendered":"Mononoke: Japanese Horror and the Mindscape of Dystopianism"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>By: Marisa Sloan<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1690\" style=\"width: 276px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1690\" class=\"wp-image-1690\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bsu.edu\/dlr\/dlr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2018\/11\/Picture1-212x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"266\" height=\"377\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1690\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Image via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\">Google<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Traditionally, the word \u201cdystopia\u201d evokes a panoptic, authoritarian government subjugating its citizens with machinery, or orchestrating their lives through mind control amidst environmental degradation. Yet the murder, abuse, and trauma born out of dystopic regimes begin with internal violence, the murky well of human thought, rather than the systems themselves. Without the universally torturous emotions of rage, guilt, and fear among other metaphorical demons, we would not be galvanized to wreak havoc upon the world\u2014or ourselves. Therefore, to understand the consequences of our emotional interiors, we must externalize our feelings rather than harbor them in the private, cavernous dystopias of our own minds. The Japanese animated television series <em>Mononoke<\/em> conceptualizes psychological dystopianism as such by concretizing emotions through mythological, folkloric plays of morality.<\/p>\n<p>In classical Japanese demonology, supernatural beings are referred to as mononoke, which represent the \u201ctranslation of vague unreasoned fears into carefully individuated monsters\u201d (Foster 11). In essence, mononoke are human emotions incarnate. <em>Mononoke<\/em> draws on this influence by featuring Kusuriuri, the protagonist, who travels along Edo Japan exorcising monsters elicited from negative human emotions. Kusuriuri functions as an audience surrogate as he probes the histories of those afflicted with mononoke, peeling away their layers of self-deception to diagnose the emotional malaise plaguing their souls.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1809\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1809\" class=\"wp-image-1809 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bsu.edu\/dlr\/dlr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2018\/11\/97919_320-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1809\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Image via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\">Google<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>The first storyline features a former brothel of deceased prostitutes, who were forced to abort their children by the inn\u2019s proprietress. Grief, and resentment, from the spirits of the mothers and their unborn infants sharpen to a vengeful edge in the form of mononoke: garish spirit babies. The homicidal mononoke morph into a crimson orb and threaten to consume everyone in the room, especially the proprietress, whose mild guilt has nurtured their potent form. While the mononoke\u2019s life-threatening fury has transformed the inn into a dystopian house of death for its inhabitants, the mononoke\u2019s wrath is birthed from angst\u2014the unborn children\u2019s desperate desire to be born and loved. Additionally, this confrontation between the guilty and the innocent in a closed space alludes to the singularity of personal suffering. Ultimately, no one can experience individual distress to the extent that we feel it from the prison cells of our own heads.<\/p>\n<p>Another series of episodes features Kusuriuri and other passengers held captive on a boat in a sea of mononoke, who have been conjured by the guilt of the ascetic Genkei. To emphasize the connection between the ocean and human emotion, Kusuriuri commands, \u201cNever look at or think about the dark sea which exists within yourself,\u201d which alludes not only to how humans self-deceive to evade their own culpability, but also to the self-contained dystopianism of intimate burdens (\u201cSea Bishop, Part 3\u201d). During Genkei\u2019s adolescence, his sister took his place as a sacrificial offering to the gods. His guilt and anxiety over retribution have culminated in a tentacled beast of shadows, his internal purgatory manifest,\u00a0prepared to deliver him to a water grave. Once Kusuriuri slays the mononoke harvested from Genkei\u2019s soul, the monk appears as he did 50 years ago. This physical transformation from caricatured senior to attractive youth exemplifies how our transgressions can cast a perpetual shadow over our lives, morphing us into ugly, self-loathing beings.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1808\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1808\" class=\"wp-image-1808 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.bsu.edu\/dlr\/dlr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2018\/11\/vlcsnap-5199554-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1808\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Image via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\">Google<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Mental dystopianism is again emphasized in the tale of Ocho, a depressed woman denigrated by her husband and his family, who she married into to please her social-climbing mother. After enduring emotional abuse for so long, she ostensibly murders her victimizers. However, a vision of her mutilated, blood-soaked body reveals the true nature of her killing spree. Kusuriuri places a mirror to her face and asks, \u201cOcho, who did you kill?\u201d (\u201cFaceless Monster, Part 2\u201d). This moment of reckoning signifies that Ocho\u2019s imprisonment has always been within her own mind; her decision to fulfill her supposed filial obligation to her selfish mother has resulted in the renunciation of her own happiness. Therefore, the graphic vision of the murdered husband and in-laws in actuality metaphorizes Ocho\u2019s self-suppression, her spiritual suicide. Within the walls of Ocho\u2019s imagined prison cell, Kusuriuri says to her, \u201cIf you think you\u2019re trapped, this place becomes a prison. If you wish to stay, it becomes a castle,\u201d as a testament to the subjectivity of internal dystopianism (\u201cFaceless Monster, Part 2\u201d). Thus, the tale of Ocho exemplifies that a life lived exclusively for others, intertwined with self-abnegation, is as agentless and therein joyless as one of government-imposed restriction.<\/p>\n<p>The overarching message of these fantastical folktales is that we foster our own psychological dystopianism through the unbridled force of our emotions. Unfulfilled desires and unresolved traumas are like demons ravaging our minds, poisoning our thoughts and self-perceptions. Kusuriuri\u2019s execution of mononoke with his katana signifies that the only hope we have for our spiritual selves in the wreckage of our mistakes is to reconcile the original dystopian regime: the human heart.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Konaka, Chiaki, Ikuko Takahashi, Michiko Yokote, and Manabu Ishikawa, creators. <em>Mononoke<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Toei Animation, 2006.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFaceless Monster, Part 2.\u201d <em>Mononoke<\/em>, season 1, episode 7, Toei Animation, 2006.<\/p>\n<p>Foster, Michael Dylan. <em>Pandemonium and Parade: Japanese Monsters and the Culture of Yokai.\u00a0<\/em>University of California Press, 2009.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSea Bishop, Part 3.\u201d <em>Mononoke<\/em>, season 1, episode 5, Toei Animation, 2006.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By: Marisa Sloan Traditionally, the word \u201cdystopia\u201d evokes a panoptic, authoritarian government subjugating its citizens with machinery, or orchestrating their lives through mind control amidst environmental degradation. Yet the murder, abuse, and trauma born out of dystopic regimes begin with internal violence, the murky well of human thought, rather than the systems themselves. Without the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[420],"tags":[457,458,459,460],"class_list":["post-1689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-issue-6-brave-new-worlds-utopias-and-dystopias","tag-dystopianism","tag-kusuriui","tag-mononoke","tag-zashiki-warashi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mononoke: Japanese Horror and the Mindscape of Dystopianism<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bsu.edu\/dlr\/2018\/11\/27\/mononoke-japanese-horror-and-the-mindscape-of-dystopianism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mononoke: Japanese Horror and the Mindscape of Dystopianism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By: Marisa Sloan Traditionally, the word \u201cdystopia\u201d evokes a panoptic, authoritarian government subjugating its citizens with machinery, or orchestrating their lives through mind control amidst environmental degradation. 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